Valve construction



April 15, 1941. R. H. DAlsLEY VALVE CONSTRUCTION Filed May 1o, i939 INVENTOR RBER" f1'. .DHJLE'/ BY ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 15.,` 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFIcEV VALVE CONSTRUCTION neben n. paisley, Birmingham, linen., wiener ie Eaton Manufacturing Oompany, Cleveland,

phio,acorporation of hio Application May 10, 1939, Serial No. 272,764 4 Claims. (Cl. 12S-188) This invention relates te valves rer internal ,combustion engines and is more particularly concerned with a hollow poppet valve of the socalled sodium cooled type having a relatively high heat conduction metal centrifugally cast in the hollow cavity of the head adjacent the inside of the valve seat portion for rapidly transmitting heat therefrom to the liquid coolant and out the stem portion.

Accordingly the primary object of this invention includes the provision of av hollow poppet valve, preferably of the type containing an internal liquid coolant, having a .cast coating of an unlike metal' oi' relatively high heat conducting properties intimately `bonded to the hollow cavity of the head adjacent the external seating portion of .the valve for the rapid transference of heat from the radially remote `sections of the head and seat portion tothe main axial body of the coolant and down and out the valve stem portion; the provision in a hollow poppet valve as above described of acentrifugally cast annular ring of copper or the like, intimately bonded to the internal cavity of the hollow head Opposite the radially remote external seating portion of the valve.

fThe above being. among the objects of the presient invention the same consists in certain novel features of'construction.' combinations of parts to be hereinafter described with reference t'o the accompanying drawing, and then claimed, having the above and other objects in view. I

In the accompanyingdrawing which illustrates Y suitable embodiments of the present invention and lin which like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several diilerent views.

Fig. 1 is .a vertical sectional view'through a. hollow poppet valve structure formed in accordance with the present-invention; n i

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the hollow poppet valve blankjgof Fig. 1 and [enclosing a measured lmass of heat conducting element previous torbeing subjected to aheating operation;

e Fig. 31s a vertical transverse sectional view taken through a suitable furnace showing the valve illustrated Jin Fig. 2 suitably mounted therein; -w I -Fig. L is an elevational view, partially sectioned, of a portion of a suitable type of apparatus for spinning a valve of the type shown in Fig. 1, after it hasr been suitably heated ina furnace' suoli as shown in Fig. 3, in order to cause Y Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing another form of the present invention.

While the ,inventionA has been illustrated' as embodied in a hollow poppet valve of the type particularly adapted for incorporation in inter.- nal combustion engines, it is to be understood that the invention contemplates the use of same in any hollow engine partsubjected to anormal operating temperature of several hundred degrees, or wherever it may be found applicable. Referring to the. drawing in detail, 1 illustrates a valve I0 formed from' a suitable-metal, for example, steel, and comprises a head por tion l I and an integral, axial extending, depending stem structure l2. Hollow valves ofthe type shown intended to contain sodium/or other cooling agent are produced commercially from "a single piece of steel byjboring out of a solid bar and swaging down the stem portion and upsetting the head structure to suitable dimensions.4 The lower end of the valve s tem I 2 is substantially closed except for a small opening I5 provided axially therein for the purpose of later permitting the introduction of a suitable quantity oi'l sodium or other cooling agent into the interior of the Vvalve-structure, after which it will be understood that the opening Il will be securely sealed by latapered plug I8 against theV escape of such material therethrough in a known manner and over the end of the plug I6 an annular tip end' of wear-resisting metal Il is welded.. thereto to insureagainst leakage and provides a working surface for .a valve tappet head to bear against. The valve, head structure ll is provided with .an annular beveled portion forming the valve seating surface I8 and upon whichhas been deposited a hard surface material for example Stellite. Before or after the lower stemend portion has been .swaged down to'form the reduced opening 5- a measured amount ofan'eilicient heat conducting'or radiate ing material 2 I for example', copper; is introduced in the hollow stem portion. In Fig. 2 there is shown the heat radiating material 2l in the form' of rods of measured. sectionV which have been inserted through the reduced opening l5, although obviously the material 2l may be supplied in measured amounts before or after thev stem end has been swaged t the reduced opening |5,V by reducing the material to a suitable. granular size depending upon the stem opening.

TheV type of furnace in which'the valve blank shown in 2 is inserted for the purpose of bringing its temperature to a sulliciently high value to insure melting of the materialll is more or less immaterial. In other words, it may beoil orvgas re or any suitable type lof electricity furnace, indicated generally at 32 in Fig. 3 being shown as of a gas fired type by way of illustration only. In the broad aspect of the present invention thevalve blank illustrated in Fig. 3 may be inserted in the furnace and brought the required temperature. Thetemperature ti which the valve blank is subjected in the furnace, Vis preferably in the neighborhood of'one hundred degrees Fahrenheit in excess of the melting point of the material 2l so as to insure complete fluidity of the material 2| in the furnace, as well as in the subsequent spinning operation. The valve blank may be rotated slowly (mechanism not shown) while being brought up to a suitably high temperature to I effect melting of fthe material 2| and to effect a washing of the melted mato bring'out thatvthe speed of rotation of the valveiln the hereinafter described apparatus may be regulated to control the desired area towhich the high thermal conductive material 2t may be displacedand the conformation thereof during solidication and bonding to the head blank. If the inverted valve is rotated fairly slow, for example in the order of 150 R. P. M. or less, the material 2l will partially iill the interior peripheral recess radially inward from the external seating sm'face, while a thin coating will adhere by a combination of conditions including surface tension, inertia, and/or the uid head against .which it works, to the inner, centrally located, surface of the head intermediate the radially re mote peripheral recess and thus resist the centrifugal force tending to move the main body of the fluid material 2| radiallyoutwardly. How ever, if the valve is spun at relatively higher speeds the magnitude of the centrifugal force will overcome the aforementionedconditions tending to resist the complete displacement of the fluid material and will cause the material to densely pack against the ternal valve seat as shown in Fig. 1J Further, the valve blank may be spun on any preselected axis' between the vertical and the horizontal directionfor obtaining other variations in the interior surface conformation of the lining of the adjacent area, abovementioned, which it is desired' to have .n hinly coated or lined with thehigh thermal conductive material 2 I, depending upon the selected speed'of spinning the valve, thedepth of lining' desired, and the inclination of the axis of rotation tothe vertical. t

One form of apparatus suitable for effecting this spinning is illustrated in part in Fig. 4 as comprising a frame work generally indicated at inner wall of' the ex.-,

, of the material 2l has been 25 positioned in an upright relation. This frame workcarries an electric motor 2l arranged with .its axis in a vertical relation and the upwardly projecting end of its driving shaft is provided with-a hollow-cone 29 'the interior dimensions of which are sumcient to permit thereception of the head portion of the valve blank therein.

- Suitably supported above and in axial aient with the :motor 27 by means of' a bracket @il themlaterial 2| will have the interior lof the valve paratus shown in Fig. 4 whereuponthe operator upon the spring pressed shaft presses upward 30, which causes the shaft to rise a suilicient distance to permit the head of the valve to be inserted- Ain the hollow cone'29 while the opening I5 in the upper end of the stem I2 is positioned to be receivedv by the pointed end of the shaft 30. The motor is immediately revolved at a sufficient speed to effect the proper centrifugal distribution of the molten material 2| tor 21 and consequently the valve is rotatedY is preferably much greater than that required for' valve, thereby to insure the formation of a moref perfect bond and to density the materialV 2i.

As previously mentioned after the spinning operationis completed and the valve removed, assumed the condition illustrated in Fig. 1 in which the peripheral portion of the enlarged hollow interior of the head blank opposite the external annular seating portion will be filled by the material 2l which is now intimately bondedto the surface of such portion in the head. It will also be found that the interior surface of this portion of the valve will besmooth and of uniform shape and dimensions preventing localized hot spotsl due to uneven absorption of heat therethrough.

After the valve blank tion illustrated in Fig. 4 itrmay then bemachined to bring it to the condition illustratedin Fig. 1 in which it will be observed that those portions of the valve head I I disposed radially outward acted upon to incorporate a wear and corrosion resisting alloy which thus serves to provide a seat or/seating surface Il: o f the valve. Where a seating alloymaterial is not applied to those portions of the head I I above mentioned, then it-wiil be apparent that under such conditions the head portionV I8 may itself be machined to provide the desired valve seating surface. If the valve is to be of the sodium filled type or filled with other suitable material such, for example, as disclosed in UnitedStates Patent /lNo.'1,670,965, exclusively controlledby applicants assignee, to improve the cooling properties of the valve, such material ma then be introduced into through the opening I5 previously described, to fill approximately 60% of the hollow interior, and such opening be suit-v ably closed by the plug I8 and sealed by the welded end El in accordancefwith known methods after which the valve may be further acted upon to bring it to its ansi condition of amish' when and if required.

with the blankand the blank is maintained at this speed until suflicient.

of ordinary size Y A has .reacheed the condi;

It will be *understood 'that a valve manufactured in accordance with the above discloure is relatively economical to produce in comparison to previous practices employed in connection with the production of multi-part valves, that a valve formed in accordance with the present invention provides the additional advantage of enabling the hot portions of the hollow head adjacent the valve seating surface to more rapidly dissipate its heat internally to the hollow axial portion of the valve, and that the final product when of the internally cooled type is equally efficient to all intents and purposes as similar types of valves produced from a plurality of pieces of material in accordance with previous practices. 4The method of forming the valve is not claimed in the present application but is substantially covered in PatentV to Charlton 2,183,254, Dec. 12, 1939.

In accordance with the modified valve structure shown in Fig. 5, the valve generally designated 35'comprises a hollow head portion 36 and an integral, axially depending, stem structure having a hollow bore 39, both portions formed from steel bar stock as previously described for the valve of Fig. 1'. 'I'he upper `end of the stem portion 31 is swaged down or otherwise acted upon to form a reduced axial opening 40 into which the tapered plug 4I is'fitted and the tip end 42 of hard wear-resisting metal alloy is welded thereto to insure retainer of the plug 4I and prevent leakage of the internal coolant, all as previously described for the valve of Fig. 1 and in accordance with accepted practice. The heat radiating material 4B of lower melting point than the valve '35 is inserted in measured amounts and suitable form through the axial stem opening 4| in any manner previously described forA the material 2|, of Fig. 2. In the present instance the volume of material 4B is made sufllcient to completely flll the hol-l low cavity of the valve head portion 36. In .this

structure the filling material of the valve is not spun in but merely brought to temperature in a suitable furnace as shown in Fig. 3 and after the melting point of the material 46 -is reached the fluid metal flows to all the interior surfaces of the cavity of the head 36 and becomes intimately bonded to the walls thereof. If neces- 'sary in order to secure the proper bond' between the nlling material 4B and the head 3B a flux may be added or a few drops of alcohol included in the head cavity to resist oxidation, alternatively the operation maybe conducted in a reduced or hydrogen atmosphere furnace. Thereafter a suitable drill or boring tool is inserted through the bore 39 of the stem portion:

and a' continuation of the bore 39 is extended to otherwise acting upon the material 48 to produce the axial cavity 48 therethrough. It will thus be apparent that this modication of the invention as shown in Fig. 5 is therefore adaptable to the disclosed valve without necessitating the need of special spinning equipment as shown in Fig. 4. Thereafter the valve is acted upon by suitable machine operations to bring the valve to finished size and the annular seating portion 44 of the head 36 is operated upon to provide the desired seat angle and proper concentric relation with'the finished stem 31.

Formal changes may be made in the invention from the specific embodiments shown without' departing from the spirit or scope of the broad invention which is commensurate with the appended claims.

- the ,inside of the head wall by machining or `What I claim is:

1. A hollow metal engine part adapted to operate back and forth rapidly at a normal working temperature of several hundred degrees Fahrenheit, having a closed'chamber partly filledV with a cooling medium liquid at the operating temperature of said part, portions of said part being subjected to unequal temperature conditions, and a cast metal of high thermal conducting properties integrally bonded to the inner walls of said closed chamber adjacent the portion of highest operating temperature whereby to increase transference? of heat from said cast metal to said cooling medium by the turbulent circulation of the medium in a liquid state.

2. A metal valve adapted to operate back and forth rapidlyy ata working temperature of several hundred degrees Fahrenheit, having a closed chamber therein comprising an integral hollow head portion and an intercommunicating hollow stem portion and containing a cooling medium partly filling said chamber, and a narrow annular ring of cast materialy of unlike metal havingA high thermal radiating propertiesy integrally bonded to portions of the interior wall of said hollow head chamber oppositethe external seating portion of said valve.

3. A steel valve of the character disclosed comprising an integral hollow stem and head portion defining a closed chamber therein, said head having an external annular seating prtion; an annular ring of material of unlike metal having comparatively high thermal conductivity characteristic, cast in s'aid hollow head and integrally bonded to portions of the interior wall thereof opposite said external seating portion.

4. A steel valve of the character disclosed comprising an integral hollow stem and head portion dening a closed chamber therein adapted to contain a liquid coolant, said head portion having an external annular seating surface thereon, and a narrow annular copper ring cast in said hollow head and integrally bonded nto the interior surface of the wall thereof opposite. said external seating portion, whereby it is wetted and wiped by the liquid coolant to increase the transference of heat from the cast' metal to the coolant Iby the turbulent circulation thereof in the liquid state. y

' ROBERT H. DAISLEY. 

